Since the dawn of existence, humanity has profoundly reshaped its environment through physical alterations, habitat fragmentation, deforestation, and the destruction of savannas and deserts. Environmental degradation via pollution and the direct exploitation of flora and fauna has caused irreparable damage. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) annually publishes the “Red List”—an updated report on the status of biological species—aiming to identify endangered species and direct global conservation efforts. This list currently includes thousands of species and continues to expand each year.

In designing the new wildlife park in Beer Sheva, we were aimed to mitigate this environmental injustice. Our goal was to create dignified habitats for animals unable to survive in the wild, while educating and mobilizing the public toward animal welfare. The park is designed as an interactive, experiential educational environment focused on animal life cycles, aiming to foster empathy and a proactive commitment to conservation. The diverse species within the park, which cannot survive in the wild, find sanctuary here: from rehabilitated injured wildlife to those previously slated for euthanasia or marked in a way that prevents their return to nature. In collaboration with the EAZA, the park facilitates the breeding of endangered species for reintroduction. It also partners with the Israel Nature and Parks Authority and houses an advanced veterinary hospital.

Landscape Design for Diverse Users

At Midbarium, the landscape design serves both animals and humans, facilitating a direct encounter between them. As a foundation for the design, we studied the animals’ motor skills and physiological needs—from the reach of a giraffe’s neck and its requirement for stable surfaces, to the jumping distance of an ibex and the burrowing habits of meerkats. Habitats are meticulously planned for long-term welfare, balancing animal needs with daily operational requirements.

Context and Concept

Beer Sheva’s semi-arid climate is a transition zone between Mediterranean and desert environments, defined by extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations and sparse precipitation. From this context, Midbarium was born. Midbarium’s inhabitants originate from similar or more extreme arid climates. The park is divided into four distinct habitats, simulating four desert landscapes: Canyon, Arid Steppe, Oasis, and Savanna. We researched these formations’ geomorphology, soil, and vegetative cover to ensure authenticity, using varied materiality, color palettes, specific flora, and unique topographical design for each. These are complemented by the Entry Plaza, which welcomes visitors, and the Operations Complex, where visitors can observe veterinary care and food preparation. The Khan, acting as a “human habitat”, provides a space for respite and interaction with domesticated animals.

Vegetation and Microclimate Control

Precise planting is vital in a desert garden. Species were selected to fulfill two vital roles: providing ample shade under the scorching Beer Sheva sun and screening operational elements from the public. Other areas were kept barren to enhance the raw desert atmosphere. All species are indigenous, desert-hardy, and low-maintenance. Complementing the natural canopy, various shading structures were designed for seating areas and pedestrian paths.

Layers of Landscape: Exposure and Concealment

The park’s design consists of infinite landscape scenes with multiple layers, mimicking natural tableaus by creating an illusion that predator and prey inhabit the same space. Essential infrastructure is hidden; the design relies on a dialectic of exposure and concealment. To facilitate an unmediated encounter, we minimized fences, utilizing sunken barriers, concealed dry moats, and ornamental ponds. While visitors experience a seamless stroll, a dramatic, hidden topographical system operates behind the scenes.

Small Footprint, Grand Experience

Spanning 120 dunams, the habitats occupy the majority of the site. The journey simulates a trek through the wild, utilizing the topography for a diverse, winding path system. Strategic screening prevents the paths from feeling dense, providing a sense of “getting lost” in the desert’s mystery. A wide Perimeter Loop connects the various narratives, with winding sub-paths delving into specific habitats. The total pedestrian network reaches approximately 3,000 meters.

Credits

Lead Designers: Dan Zur – Lior Wolf Landscape Architects
Masterplan & Consulting: Eric van Vliet, Zoo Design Specialist
Content & Play: Play Plus & HaTaasiya
Architecture (Entry, Operations, Shelters): Ar. Asaf Lerman
Zoological Consulting: Shmulik Yedvab
Commissioned by: The Beer-Sheva Economic Development Corporation
Funding & Contributions: Contributed by the Mandel Foundation and Mifal HaPayis, in conjunction with the Beer-Sheva Municipality.

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